Servosystem and servomotor
A servosystem is a system whose operation is governed by the deviations between its actual or instantaneous behavior and its prescribed behavior. These systems, whether single or multi-variable, can be closed-loop and open-loop.
In a servosystem, the output is some mechanical element, such as position, velocity, or acceleration. Thus, the terms servosystem, position control system, velocity control system, and acceleration control system are synonymous.
Servosystems are widely used in modern industry. For example, with the use of servosystems and programmed instructions, it is possible to achieve fully automatic operation of machines and tools.
What is a servomotor?
On the other hand, a servomotor is an electric motor that has the ability to control the movement of its shaft in terms of speed, acceleration, torque, and position. Its low inertia and high overload capacity allow it to make very fast movements with high accelerations and decelerations.
Servomotors are common components in many industries and are used in a wide range of applications. They come in different sizes, ranging from very compact and manageable to large sizes suitable for heavy machinery. One of the key characteristics of a servomotor is its stability.
It has the ability to reach any position within its operating range and maintain stability in that position.
The servomotor works together with a sensor called an encoder, which provides feedback by continuously sending a signal of the motor’s exact speed and position. This allows for the calculation or application of the necessary correction to achieve the desired position, enabling precise control and avoiding potential variations.
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Use of servomotors in the industry
Servomotors are used in applications that require rapid variations in speed to prevent excessive motor heating.
The most common application of servomotors is found in fields such as industrial automation and the growing field of robotics.
The introduction of digital servomotors has brought significant advances in control and efficiency. Improved performance is achieved because the control electronics use a microcontroller to handle all the work. This enables sending more control pulses to the motor, increasing the precision of movement and performance.
Servomotors are used in the industries in machinery and tools, packaging, factory automation, material handling, assembly lines, and many other applications. They are also used in robotics for their smooth startup and shutdown capabilities and precise positioning, in the aerospace industry to maintain hydraulic fluid, and in automobiles to control vehicle speed.
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